My articles | Work is the result of diseases that cause disease is due to the work, equipment and materials used in the work, the work and working environment. From here it is understood that the occupational disease is a disease in which an artificial or man made disease.
Work Due to Illness, WHO provides four categories as follows:
Disease with a job is one of the causes of the other causal factors, such as chronic bronchitis.
The only disease caused by work, such as pneumoconiosis.
Aggravate a disease in which the work of pre-existing condition, such as asthma.
Diseases that cause is job one, for example carcinoma Bronkhogenik
Factors Causing Illness Due to Work
The factors that cause occupational diseases are numerous, depending on the materials used during the work process, work environment or way of working, so it may be mentioned one by one. But in general the factors that cause occupational diseases can be grouped into five categories:
Physical classes: sound (noise), radiation, temperature (hot / cold), very high pressure, vibration, poor lighting the lamp.
Classes of chemicals: chemicals used in the work process, as well as those contained in the work environment, can take the form of dust, vapor, gas, solution, clouds or fog.
Biological groups: bacteria, viruses or fungi
Physiological groups: usually caused by the arrangement of the workplace and ways of working
Psychosocial groups: the working environment resulting in stress.
DISEASE DIAGNOSIS OF WORK
To be able to diagnose occupational diseases on the individual needs to do a systematic approach to obtain the necessary information and interpreting it correctly.
Approaches can be arranged into seven steps that can be used as guidance in the diagnosis of occupational diseases:
1. Determine the clinical diagnosis
Clinical diagnosis must be established first, by making use of their supporting facilities are available, as is generally done to diagnose a disease. Once the diagnosis is made the new clinic can think further whether the disease is related to work or not.
2. Determine the exposure experienced by workers during this
Knowledge of exposure experienced by a workforce is essential to be able to connect a disease with a job. To this history needs to be done about the history of careful and meticulous work, which includes:
- A description of all the work already done by the patient in terms of the chronological
- The length of each job done
- Materials are manufactured
- The material (raw material) used
- Number of exposures
- Use personal protective equipment (mask)
- The pattern of the occurrence of symptoms
- Information about other employment (if anyone has experienced similar symptoms)
- Written information available about the ingredients used (MSDS, labels, etc.)
3. Determine whether the exposure is indeed able to cause disease
Is there scientific evidence in the literature that supports the opinion that the exposure caused the illness experience. If the literature did not reveal any scientific basis stating the above, it can not be established diagnosis of occupational diseases. If there is support in the literature,
need to be further studied in particular the exposure that can cause illness (concentration, amount, duration, and so on).
4. Determine whether the amount of exposure is experienced enough to be able to cause disease.
If the illness can only occur in certain circumstances of exposure, the exposure experienced by patients in the workplace is important to be further investigated and compared with the existing literature to determine the diagnosis of occupational diseases.
5. Determine whether there are other factors that may affect
Is there a description of the history of the disease or a history of work, which can change the state of exposures, such as the use of PPE, a history of previous similar exposure to risk increases. Does the patient have a medical history (family history) that resulted in the patient more susceptible / more sensitive to exposure experienced.
6. Find Another possibility could be a cause of disease
Are there other factors that may be a cause of disease? Does the patient have other exposure is known to cause disease. Nevertheless, the existence of other causes can not always be used to get rid of the cause in the workplace.
7. Make a decision as to whether the disease is caused by work
After applying the six steps above have made a decision based on information that has been obtained that has a scientific basis. As mentioned earlier, does not always work is a direct cause of an illness, sometimes work only aggravate a preexisting condition.This needs to be distinguished at the time of diagnosis. A job / exposure is expressed as the cause of a disease it is without doing the work or in the absence of a specific exposure, the patient will not suffer from the disease at this time.
While the job has been to aggravate an existing condition or an illness occur at the same time without depending on his work, but work / exposures aggravate / accelerate the onset of the disease.
From the above it is understandable that for the diagnosis of occupational disease-specific knowledge is required, the availability of a variety of information obtained
good of the patient's clinical examination, the examination environment in the workplace (if possible) and epidemiological data.
CLOSING
The diagnosis of occupational diseases is still a problem in Indonesia. Required a special interest and knowledge in order to establish the diagnosis of occupational diseases. To overcome these problems, in addition to improved education for physicians in the field of occupational medicine, is also necessary to develop a referral system, both at national and local levels. Development of Occupational Medicine clinics in Indonesia to help the problem at hand.
THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA ON THE DISEASES ARISING OUT OF EMPLOYMENT (WORK DUE TO SICKNESS)
Article 1
Disease arising from employment relationship is a disease caused by a job or work environment.
Article 2
Every worker who suffers a disease arising from employment relationship is entitled to guarantee good Accidents whilst still in employment or after employment ends.
Article 3
(1) Right to Work Accident Insurance for workers whose employment has ended as referred to in Article 2 is given, if, according to the diagnosis of doctors who treat diseases caused by work during the relevant labor force is still in employment.
(2) Right to employment injury insurance as referred to in paragraph (1) shall, if the disease was incurred in a period of 3 (three) years from the employment relationship ends.
Article 4
Disease arising from employment relationship as referred to in Article 1, as contained in the attachment hereto.
DISEASES DUE TO WORK
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Pnemokoniosis caused by scar tissue forming mineral dust (silicosis, antrakosilikosis, asbestosis) and silikosisnya silikotuberkolosis the major factor causing disability or death.
Lung disease and respiratory tract (bronkhopulmoner) caused by hard metal dust.
Lung disease and respiratory tract (bronkhopulmoner) caused by the dust of cotton, Vlas, henep and sisal (bissinosis).
Occupational asthma caused by sensitization and cause a known aphrodisiac that is in the process of work.
Allergika alveolitis caused by external factors as a result of inhalation of organic dust.
Diseases caused by beryllium or its toxic compounds.
Diseases caused by cadmium or its toxic compounds.
Diseases caused by phosphorus or its toxic compounds.
Diseases caused by chromium or its toxic compounds.
Diseases caused by manganese or its toxic compounds.
Diseases caused by arsenic or its toxic compounds.
Diseases caused by mercury or its compounds are toxic.
Diseases caused by lead or its compounds are toxic.
Diseases caused by fluorine or its toxic compounds.
Diseases caused by carbon disulfide. toxic.
Diseases caused by halogen derivatives of aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon compounds that are toxic.
Diseases caused by benzene or homologs which are toxic.
Diseases caused by nitro and amine derivatives of benzene or homologs which are toxic.
Diseases caused by nitroglycerine or other nitric acid esters.
Diseases caused by alcohols, glycols or ketones.
Diseases caused by gases or vapors cause asphyxiation or poisoning such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or its toxic derivatives, ammonia zinc, and nickel braso.
Hearing disorders caused by noise.
Diseases caused by mechanical vibration (disorders of muscles, tendons, bones, joints, peripheral blood vessels or nerves edge.
Diseases caused by work in regard to air more.
Diseases caused by ionizing radiation mengion.
Skin diseases (dermatoses) are caused by physical, chemical or biological agents.
Epitheliomatous primary skin cancer caused by tar, pitch, bitumen, mineral oil, anthracene or the compounds, products or residues of these substances.
Lung cancer or mesotheliomas caused by asbestos.
Infectious diseases caused by viruses, bacteria or parasites acquired in a job that has a special risk of contamination.
Diseases caused by high or low temperatures or radiation or high humidity.
Diseases caused by other chemicals, including ingredients.
Sources:
safety4abipraya.wordpress.com, www.proxsis.com
